英语论文哪里有？本翻译实践以纽马克的语义翻译和交际翻译理论为指导，从语义翻译的应用、交际翻译的应用、两者结合的应用三方面探讨了如何使译文达到更好的翻译效果。
Chapter 1 Task Description
1.1 Selection of the Source Text
The translator chooses Raising Critical Thinkers as the project of translation practice for many reasons. Firstly, in today’s global and digital environment, it is a common concern of parents and educators to cultivate children’s critical thinking. The development of education requires borrowing advanced experiences and ideas from abroad, and educational books are an important means for Chinese parents and educators to acquire knowledge and information. Therefore, translating these books into Chinese can benefit more people. Under this background, Raising Critical Thinkers is selected as the project of this translation practice.
Secondly, Julie Bogart, the author of Raising Critical Thinkers has been working on children’s education and family education for many years. Her online coaching community Brave Learner Home, the Brave Writer podcast and spopular Instagram account are lifelines for thousands of parents all over the world. Julie has done a lot of research on children’s education, and has written and organized many related books and activities. She has extensive experience in how to educate children’s thoughts and growth and can help parents involved in their children’s education.
Chapter 3 Translation Process
3.1 Pre-translation Preparation
Pre-translation preparation is an important and indispensable part of the whole process of translation practice. Adequate preparation can help the translator understand the source text more deeply and lay a solid foundation for translation.
Firstly, the translator prepared the relevant background knowledge of the source text. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the background information of the source text can better convey the author’s intention and ensure that the translation is expressed appropriately (Zhou, 2020). Through reading the whole text and grasping the general idea of the book, the translator learned that the book involves knowledge in the field of psychology, such as “metacognition”, “confirmation bias”, and “mere exposure effect” as well as historical knowledge, such as “Indian Revolution”. The translator consulted relevant online materials and literature to enrich the reserve of knowledge for a better understanding. In addition, the author Julie’s other works were studied, especially those related to children’s education, which helped the translator better understand the author’s writing style and viewpoints. Moreover, reviews and other information about Julie and the book were collected using the Google search engine.
Chapter 4 Case Analysis
4.1 Semantic Translation
Semantic translation plays an important role in conveying meaning, preserving form, and reproducing author emotion. Newmark believes that translation should be faithful to the source author’s thoughts on the one hand, and to the source author’s language style on the other (Qin, 2018). The selected parts introduce the author’s views and attitudes on the importance of cultivating children’s critical thinking by studying some experiences of her child Noah and citing a large number of facts that affect children’s critical thinking. The guidance of semantic translation is used many times in the translation process in order to accurately reflect the meaning of the source text and preserve the author’s writing style. The following examples analyze the guidance of semantic translation in this translation practice.
4.1.1 Diction
Diction involves not only the identification and determination of word meaning of source text, but also the choice of words in translation (Wang, 2007). Some words in the translation excerpt are polysemous. In the process of translation, it is of great significance to correctly understand and determine the meaning of words to help readers understand the source text (Xiong, 2015). In interlingual communication, choosing the wrong word meaning may damage the style, artistic conception and culture of the source text (Wu, 2019). Semantic translation requires the translator to accurately understand the meaning of words. Under this guidance, appropriate word meanings are selected according to the specific context to ensure that the translation can accurately convey the information of the source text.
4.2 Communicative Translation
Communicative translation plays an important role in presenting the clear semantics of the source text, making the translation conform to the habits of the target language, and solving the problems that readers cannot understand the source text due to cultural differences. Since this text is a combination of informative and vocative text, it pays great attention to the conveyance of information and the reader’s reading feeling, so it is appropriate to choose communicative translation to achieve these goals. The communicative translation is not an extreme translation strategy but a golden way in translation (Hatim & Mason, 1990). The following cases analyzed the application of communicative translation in this translation practice.
4.2.1 Amplification
Amplification is one of the commonly used methods in translation. It can make unclear semantics clear. Word-for-word translation sometimes causes readers to misunderstand the meaning of the source text and affects the reader’s reading experience. This is inconsistent with the principle that communicative translation takes the reader as the core. Therefore, the amplification can be used to make the semantics clearer and make the translation more accurate and fluent. It should be noted that the addition is not arbitrary and the translator cannot change the information of the source text.
Chapter 5 Conclusion
5.1 Major Findings
This translation practice report takes the English-Chinese translation of Raising Critical Thinkers as an example, proving that under the guidance of Newmark’s semantic translation and communicative translation theories, the flexible use of different translation techniques can achieve better translation results.
First of all, the semantic translation theory enables the translation to accurately convey the source text information and retain the author’s emotional attitude. The translator used diction method to deal with some polysemous words to avoid readers’ misunderstandings caused by improper word selection and damage the semantics of the source text. And adopted the linear translation method to retain some syntactic expressions similar to Chinese. Therefore, semantic translation plays an important role in preserving the cultural characteristics of the source language.
Secondly, the communicative translation theory solves the problem that readers cannot understand the source text because of cultural differences. Due to the great differences between Chinese and English, communicative translation is actually used more than semantic translation in the text because the source text focuses on achieving readers’ understanding. The translator adopted amplication method to deal with the semantic ambiguity caused by word-for-word translation, borrowing translation method to deal with the translation of some idioms in the source text, and division, combination, restructuring methods to deal with some long sentences. Therefore, communicative translation plays an important role in ensuring the fluency of translation and solving readers’ reading obstacles.
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