纳撒尼尔霍桑及其《红字》中的罪恶与罪恶描写

他出生于一个贫穷的高贵的新英格兰家庭。在他的祖先中，二代是殖民地宗教和政治联合力量。他们以清教徒的狂热迫害异端。孤独的童年给他的人格打上了不可磨灭的忧郁和沉默寡言。在他父亲四岁的时候，他父亲在海上迷失了方向，他的母亲变得过度的保护，把他推向更加孤立的追求。他的童年使他过于腼腆，缺乏学识，塑造了作家的生活。霍桑从鲍顿学院毕业后就开始写作了。他的第一部小说《费斯哈维》是鲍丁人一生中失败的一部作品，他没有成功，他自己也否认它是业余爱好者。他的下一本书，两次讲述（1837），是成功的，并且鼓励他在文学中探索。1839到1849年间，他在波士顿和塞勒姆的海关工作。1841年至1842年，他参加了令人厌恶的先验共产主义实验。1842，他娶了索菲亚皮博迪，搬到康科德的马舍。1853年，他被终身朋友富兰克林·皮尔斯任命为利物浦领事。退休后，他周游欧洲，继续写作。在康科德1860岁之后，他甚至把余下的岁月献给文学，直到他去世。

He was born in an impoverished noble New England's family, the descendent of a long line of puritan ancestors. Among his ancestors, 2 generations were big wheels in organs of power of unite of religion and politics in colony areas. They persecuted heterodoxy by zealot of Puritan. Lonely childhood branded his personality with unremoveable melancholy and taciturn. After his father was lost at sea when he was only four, his mother became overly protective and pushed him toward more isolated pursuits. His childhood left him overly shy and bookish, and molded his life as a writer. Hawthorne turned to writing after his graduation from Bowdon College. His first novel, Faushawe, an abortive chorine of Bowdoin life, was unsuccessful and he himself disavowed it as amateurish. His next book, Twice-Told Tales (1837), was successful and it encouraged him to explore in literature. From 1839 to 1849 he earned his living in the customhouse in Boston and Salem. In 1841-1842 he took part in the distasteful transcendental communistic experiment. In 1842, he married Sophia Peabody and moved to The Manse in Concord. In1853, he was appointed consul at Liverpool by his lifelong friend President Franklin Pierce. After his retirement he traveled extensively in Europe and continued to write. After 1860 in Concord he even devoted his remaining years to literature until he died.

Bibliography
1." The American Novel and Its Tradition" (Richard Chase) The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2.Baltimore and London 1957
3.《美国文学简史 上册》 人民文学出版社 黄衡撰 朱虹 施威荣 郑土生 1986年1 月
4.《50部美国小说》（英） 伊思 乌斯比