中国比较文学
1。在中国现代文学学术的景观中，比较文学可能是最为多才多艺、最活跃的研究领域之一。比较文学作为一门学科和知识探究和学术生产的模式，在二十世纪初从西方传入日本，经由中国传入。在中国知识分子和社会的重大转变时期，许多中国作家、艺术家以及学者们都开始改革传统的价值观和实践，胡适、陈独秀、鲁迅、周作人等激进知识分子提倡进口。西方思想的接受与接受。与此同时，西方文学作品的翻译成为一个民族企业，文学领域经历了前所未有的新概念、新方法、新方法和新实践。在文学研究领域，建立了新的研究领域，比较文学就是其中之一。2。“比较文学”一词最初是由诗人兼评论家黄仁（1866－1913）在宿州学院文学教授的讲稿中引用的，他指的是波斯涅特的1886篇比较文学（见徐109）。其次，鲁迅（1881-1936）是中国现代文学之父，在他是日本的一个学生时遇到了西方的比较文学著作：在1911写给徐守尚的一封信中，卢提到了弗雷德里克•洛利的1906部小说《日本语》的日文翻译。他是Lu Vol.（11, 331），他在1907年初就使用了比较法（见卢第1卷，第63-115页）。在二十世纪初，在西方文化和思想得到大量货币的情况下，在文学学术上，探索中西文学的学科将有其自然的吸引力。
Comparative Literature in China
1. On the landscape of modern Chinese literary scholarship, comparative literature is perhaps one of the most versatile and active fields of study. As an academic discipline and a mode of intellectual inquiry and scholarly production, comparative literature was imported to China from the West, via Japan, in the early twentieth century. At a time of major intellectual and social shifts of the country and when many Chinese writers, artists, as well as scholars took upon themselves to reform traditional values and practices, radical intellectuals such as Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, and Zhou Zuoren, among others, advocated the importation and acceptance of Western thought. Parallel to this and as a natural result of the said interest, the translation of Western works became a national enterprise and the domains of literature experienced an unprecedented influx of new concepts, formulations, approaches, and practices. In the scholarship of literature new areas of study were established and comparative literature was one of them.
2. The term comparative literature was first used by the poet and critic Huang Ren (1866-1913), professor of literature at Suzhou University, in his lecture notes where he refers to Posnett’s 1886 Comparative Literature (see Xu 109). Next, Lu Xun (1881-1936), father of modern Chinese literature, encountered Western writings on comparative literature while he was a student in Japan: In a letter he wrote in 1911 to Xu Shoushang, Lu mentions the Japanese translation of Frédéric Loliée's 1906 Histoire des littératures comparées des origines au XXe siècle (see Lu Vol. 11, 331) and he has used the comparative mothod in his work as early as 1907 (see Lu Vol. 1, 63-115). In the early twentieth century, when in China Western culture and thought gained much currency, in literary scholarship a discipline that explores Chinese and Western literatures would have its natural appeal. Thus, the general interest in the subject and approach resulted in a series of translations of Western works. For example, Fu Donghua, a translator of considerable repute, translated and published in 1930 Loliée’s Histoire des littératures comparées and Paul Van Tieghem’s La Littérature comparée was brought out in Chinese in 1936 by the poet Dai Wangshu (1905-1950), only five years after its publication in Paris in 1931. Further, poets Zhang Xishen and Wang Fuquan, respectively, translated from Japanese and French works on comparative literature: Zhang’s translations appeared in the journal New China in the 1920s, later reprinted by the Commercial Press and Wang’s translations were published as a series in Awakening: The Supplement of Republican Daily (1924). These texts not only popularized comparative literature but also made it possible to formally institute it as an academic subject in university education. The establishing of comparative literature as a field of study at National Tsinghua University (Beijing) in the 1920s is probably one of the most important events in the early history of comparative literature in China. At Tsinghua, courses on or closely related to comparative literature included Wu Mi’s "Zhongxishi zhi bjiao" ("Comparative Studies of Chinese and Western Poetics") in 1926 and Chen Yinke’s "Xiren zhi dongfangxue muluxue" ("Bibliography of Sinology") in 1927. And I.A. Richards, who was a visiting professor at Tsinghua University from 1929 to 1931, also taught comparative literature while at Tsinghua (see Xu 111). By the mid-1930s, comparative literature as an academic subject and a mode of cross-cultural inquiry was firmly established and was to further develop into a prominent discipline in the history of modern Chinese literary scholarship. The period from the 1930s to the1950s is the most formative time for the discipline in China. Then, after a period of twenty years of silence, came another active period, from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. In these two main periods, series of books in the field appeared, either authored by Chinese scholars or translated into Chinese from various Western languages. In our brief survey it is not possible to record in detail all the major developments of comparative literature in China. However, here we sketch some significant moments. Our purpose is to consider the intellectual and historical conditions under which comparative literature has obtained such remarkable popularity and prominence in Chinese scholarship and to show that the development and currency of comparative literature is closely related to the formation of China’s literary modernity.
