语言学论文哪里有？笔者认为中美媒体在新闻报道中使用了不同的框架，美国新闻使用了更丰富的框架类型来构建中国企业家的不同形象，而在大多数情况下，中国新闻媒体倾向于采用固定框架来塑造国内企业家的积极创业形象。在用词方面，这两种媒体都喜欢使用动词，在形容词和名词后面加上框架。《中国日报》和《纽约时报》也经常使用对比。愿对比是强调和突出的最好方式。除此之外，美国新闻通常采用第三者的观点来展示新闻本身的目的。
Chapter One Introduction
1.3 Research Significance
The present study is of great theoretical significance and practical significance.
As for theoretical significance, firstly, the present study will be done mainly based on application and combination of basic principles of the Frame Theory and Hart’s Critical Cognitive Linguistics view. In previous studies on entrepreneurial images and news reports, few researches were done in such way. This innovative usage of the theory and view offered a new theoretical framework and research method for researches of news reports and entrepreneurial image. Secondly, the classification and discussion to two kinds of frames types that were used in Chinese and American news reports in the present study developed and expanded the application of the Frame Theory. Thirdly, the present study extended the range of application of Critical Cognitive Linguistic. Fourthly, the present study brought forth new ideas for the theoretical perspective of news reports analysis. Therefore, the present study is of great theoretical significance.
As to practical significance, firstly, the present study helps to enhance external communication and cultural output of a corporate to win more chances for doing business. Ever since the closer and closer relationships were built in global economy, more and more Chinese enterprises started to be “internationalized”, the same as which, a growing number of Chinese entrepreneurs also caught eyes from all over the world and played an increasingly significant role on the world’s platform. As a kind of cultural soft power to construct corporate image, personal images of Chinese entrepreneurs also carry a huge amount of driving force in external communication and cultural output of a corporate. Thus, the present study will help to output of corporate culture and enhance enterprises’ external communication so that enterprises can get more international business chances.
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
3.1 the Frame Theory
3.1.1 General Introduction of the Frame Theory
the Frame Theory is a vital concept which belongs to critical linguistics and it has developed for more than 60 years in a multi-field and interdisciplinary way. It refers to the knowledge network used to connect multiple domains related to a language form (Wen, 2013). But the Frame Theory was not used to analyze language at very beginning of its appearance. Initially, it was an anthropologist—Bateson who firstly put forward the concept of “frame” in 1955. Hence, that’s why scholars hold the belief that the Frame Theory originated from anthropology.
Later on, the Frame Theory got development in field of sociology and psychology from 1970s. In 1974, Goffman published his book named Frame Analysis, firstly applying concept of frame to propagation scenarios (Sun, 2010). Goffman (1974) gave a simple definition to the Frame Theory in that book: Psychological principles and subjective processes of individual organization events. In Goffman’s view, people frame the reality of their daily lives in order to understand and retell the social situation. People identify and understand events by means of a frame, and assign some meaning to the behaviors that occur in their lives. Otherwise, these behaviors and events will be meaningless at all (Sun, 2010). And Goffman (1974) indicated that “frame” mainly come from two ways. One is about experiences of the past and another one is influences from social culture. However, in psychology, Minsky (1975) argued that the knowledge we have was stored in mind as a data structure, that is, frame.
Chapter Five Results and Discussion
5.1 Strategies for Building Frames
This part will explore language strategies used in Chinese and American reports which directly or indirectly shaped and highlighted the frames mainly from following aspects, such as words using, phrases using and collocations using.
5.1.1 Words Using
Statistics was made and it found that verbs played the most vital role in reports of China Daily, which was followed by adjectives and adverbs.
Firstly, modal verbs like “will” and “should” were frequently used to explain future tense of the sentence, and afterwards entrepreneurs’ plans in the future were elucidated. Except, adverb “further” was also used to illustrate things would be done at the next step. From the perspective of the Frame Theory, a word could activate people’s previous memory for one thing. No matter the words or the tense used here by China Daily were good ways to arouse people’s beautiful wish to the future. Either, more descriptions to future’s plans and development of entrepreneurs’ business gave news readers stronger confidence to entrepreneurs’ decisions and foresight. Therefore, these uses of words shape a frame of “future”.
Secondly, verbs such as “donate”, “help”, “offer”, “support” and “encourage” were applied to remind readers of previous recognition of entrepreneurs’ help, contributions and donation to the persons who were in need, which explained entrepreneurs’ kindness and retribution to the society. Frequent use of these words not only shaped the frame but also highlighted the frame. Here, frequent words using shape a frame of “feedback”.
5.2 Types of Frames
After careful reading to Chinese and American news reports of recent three years, it was found that no matter China Daily or New York Times principally employed two types of frames--social frame and business frame to describe interactions and actions that Chinese entrepreneurs gave to the society and to show decisions that Chinese entrepreneurs made for their businesses. That is, the two news media constructed Chinese entrepreneurial images mainly through two aspects. One was relations between Chinese entrepreneurs and the society, and another was relations between entrepreneurs themselves and their business. Only through these two aspects could an entrepreneurial image reflect.
It might be known easily that what social frames and business frames main. Totally speaking, by reporting Chinese entrepreneurs social activities and entrepreneurs’ movements which were relevant to the society or business, entrepreneurs’ quality could be reflected.
Chapter Six Conclusion
6.1 Major Findings
Under the help of the Frame Theory and abundant perspective of Critical cognitive linguistics, combining what has been searched, found, analyzed and discussed above, many findings surprised a lot.
In fact, a person who has a bigger influence in business world or say did more good things to the business is unexpectedly Pony Ma Huateng by adding up times on the ranking list of recent ten years of Fortune and Chinese Entrepreneurs. Whereas, totally speaking, Jack Ma is the most popular and influential one in the world to not only judge from his leadership, personal wealth or value of his companies but also evaluate his kindness and devotion to the whole world. Therefore, by searching for news at home and abroad, it is brought that most news searched out are concerning Jack Ma, though he just ranked fifth after the statistics to both ranking lists of recent 10 years.
Then, by analyzing recent three-year news reports extracted from two representative national journals of China and America--China Daily and New York Times, it is discovered that news in China Daily liked to apply similar frames in most situations when redacted a piece of news on domestic entrepreneurs. These frames are almost positive and easy to form a favorable impression when readers are reading the content and interpreting those underlying meaning by the help of their existing cognition that continually accumulated and updated from their daily life. According to incomplete statistics, there are generally four types of frames usually used in news of China Daily in recent three years. They are “future”, “feedback”, “entrepreneurship” and “praise”. “Future” is used to deliver entrepreneurs’ best wishes and development plans of the company. “feedback” mainly shared entrepreneurs social responsibilities, such as doing charities, sharing successful business experiences with the young. “Praise” is used to show domestic entrepreneurs’ good reputations and affirmation they obtained from some weighty evaluations. And “entrepreneurship” principally introduces the tough process of entrepreneurs starting their own business and finally they achieved a lot.
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