英语论文哪里有？笔者认为语义翻译强调完整准确地保留原文内容，因此在语义翻译的指导下，译文通常能充分反映原文的语言特点和句子结构，但往往不符合读者的阅读习惯。交际翻译强调译文的交际功能，重视读者的阅读体验。因此，运用交际翻译法翻译的译文更具可读性。
Chapter OneIntroduction
1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Project
Excellent children’s literature works can have a great influence on children. First,children can acquire pleasure while reading excellent literature works. Second, children’sliterature is of great importance by telling stories which are simple but philosophical. TheSwiss psychologist Piaget pointed out that moral self-discipline emerges between the agesof seven and twelve, which is manifested in interpersonal relations. The childhood stage isa key stage of character formation, emotional development, moral development,self-cognition, and social cognition (1980).
Eugene Nida regarded translation as the most accurate and complete representation ofthe original information, both semantically and stylistically (1969). But considering thelow comprehension of children readers, it is necessary to translate with the consideration ofchildren’s logical thinking and children’s understanding ability when translating excellentforeign children’s works, so as to help them grow up physically and mentally (Lai, 2019).Ma Yetong once put forward that children’s understanding ability is poor and they canhardly concentrate. If a book is filled with complex and abstract descriptions, it will neverbe loved by children readers. Vivid metaphors, varied vocabulary, simple but catchysentences, can give vitality to a literary work, which attracts children readers a lot (2019).To avoid translating from the perspective of adults, which overlooks the cognitive abilityand psychological development characteristics of Chinese children readers, translatorshave to figure out the text type, gain a thorough understanding of translation theories, and then with the direction of which, translators also need to consider the entertainment andreadability of children’s literature by applying different translation strategies.
Chapter ThreeTheoretical Framework
3.1 Newmark’ Text Type Theory
As a famous modern linguist, Newmark’s high position in the field of Englishliterature is self-evident. In addition to his teaching task, he has also devoted himself to thestudy of text expression. Combining Buhler’s and Jacobson’s classification of languagefunction and after a long-term research, Newmark came up with six text functions and heregarded expressive function, informative function and vocative function as the mostimportant ones (2004). Accordingly, Newmark divided texts into three types, namely,expressive, informative and vocative.
Expressive texts pay attention to the expression of author’s own attitude and aestheticappreciation while relatively ignoring the reading experience of readers. This kind of textis to some extent the catharsis of personal feelings. Therefore, when it comes to this texttype, sentence structures and language style of the translation material must be preservedas much as possible to reproduce the author’s psychological process. In addition, therhetorical devices and images with cultural characteristics should not be replaced withtarget language (Chen, 2005).
Informative texts cover a wide range of fields and are the integration of externalinformation. Informative texts, including teaching materials and newspapers, are often found in professional fields and feature with a unified format. Beyond that, authors ofinformative texts pay attention to the transmission of facts. With a rigorous logic, thelanguage is usually straightforward and concise. Translators facing this type of texts shouldfocus on the ideological content, in addition, sentence structures of the original text can beproperly changed to ensure the effective transmission of information (Chen, 2005).
Chapter FourCase Analysis
4.1 The Application of Semantic Translation
The source text is an autobiography, mainly composed of Boy’s confession anddialogue with the pilgrim. With its natural language, sententious phrase and variousrhetorical devices, the author has successfully described a boy who regains his courageduring his European adventure. Therefore, semantic translation is employed to retain theoriginal meaning to the greatest extent and to reproduce Boy’s psychological process aswell as the lively language.
4.1.1 Determination of Word Meaning
Example 1
ST: The pilgrim had a dozen pilgrim badges pinned to his hat: the shell of SaintJames, the head of Saint Thomas . . . goodness but this man had traveled far.
TT1: 他的帽子上别着很多徽章，圣詹姆斯人像，圣托马斯头像……天哪，这个男人一定去过很多地方。
TT2: 他的帽子上别着很多徽章，圣詹姆斯贝壳，圣托马斯头像……天哪，这个男人一定去过很多地方。
Analytical process: In the first place, the translator searched the word “shell” in theOxford Dictionary to determine its proper meaning in the context and the results are as follows: The shell of a nut or egg is the hard covering which surrounds it. That is “ (坚果或蛋的)壳.” in Chinese. the appearance of a man. That is “外表” in Chinese.
4.2 The Application of Communicative Translation
Considering children’s poor comprehension, cultural differences and differentexpressive habits, communicative translation should also be adopted in translation to reduce the reading difficulties. To be specific, this part mainly discusses how the translatoreliminates misunderstandings and helps children read and understand the target text moreeasily by applying subtle techniques included in communicative translation.
4.2.1 Addition
By applying addition, the translator makes the translation more logical, reasonableand readable to fulfill the communication purpose.
Example 6
ST: We traveled through a village where barking dogs made sure we did notlinger, though several wagged their tails, which shows that even dogs can be liars.
TT1: 当我们穿过一个村庄时，村里的狗疯狂地叫着以确保我们不会逗留，虽然有几只摇着尾巴，原来狗也会说谎啊。
TT2: 当我们穿过一个村庄时，村里的狗疯狂地叫着以确保我们不会逗留。有几只居然摇着尾巴，它们明明很喜欢我们啊，原来狗也会说谎啊。
Analytical process:When I presented TT1 to my little nephew, he asked me why thedogs lied? It was not until he asked me that I realized it is difficult for children readers tounderstand why dog’s wagging tail can be associated with lying. Thus the literal translation“尽管有几只摇着尾巴，原来狗也会说谎啊” (TT1) is not understandable enough forchildren. As mentioned above, dogs barked because they did not want Boy and the pilgrimto stay. But it’s known that the wagging tail is a sign of happiness and welcoming.Therefore, the translator came to the conclusion that the dogs want the pilgrim and Boy tostay deep down in their hearts but they have the responsibility to make sure no strangerlingering in their village. Thus the translator added “ 它 们 明 明 很 喜 欢 我 们 ” in thetranslation to reveal the true idea of those dogs and make the logic more rigorous to ensurechildren readers understand the source text better (TT2). In closing, with the use ofaddition, the translation is processed more reasonable and understandable, which fulfillsthe communicative function of vocative texts.
Chapter FiveConclusion
5.1 Summary of the Translation Report
Through this translation practice, the translator found that under the guidance ofNewmark’s text type theory, the rational use of semantic translation and communicativetranslation can help guide the translation practice more efficiently. Semantic translationemphasizes the complete and accurate retention of the original content, thus a target textunder the guidance of semantic translation can usually fully reflect the original languagecharacteristics and sentence structures, but usually fail to conform to the reading habits ofits readers. Communicative translation emphasizes the communicative function of thetarget text and attaches importance to readers’ reading experience. Therefore, a target texttranslated with the application of communicative translation turns out to be more readable.
Different translation methods should be applied according to different text types,since a single text always carries characteristics of different text types, both the twotranslation methods should be used in translation. To be specific, the translator found thatrhetorical devices are supposed to be translated with semantic translation so as to retain theprimitive language characteristics; religious language and culture-loaded words are alsosupposed to be translated with semantic translation so as to achieve the purpose ofintercultural communication; intentional statement repetitions and logical inversionsshould also be translated under semantic translation to reproduce the author’s thoughtprocess and achieve a specific emotional purpose. When translating long sentences,communicative translation is supposed to be applied to reach a concise and understandabletarget text. Meanwhile, when literal translation causes difficulties in understanding,communicative translation should be applied so as to achieve the communicative purpose.
reference(omitted)
