英语论文哪里有？在翻译本文之后，译者发现由于复杂定语从句的复杂结构以及中外语言风格的巨大差异，译者需要注意复合翻译策略的选择，并适当改变策略，以确保译文的可接受性和可读性。
1 Task Description
1.2 Introduction to the Text
This report is based on the E-C translation of How to View and Appreciate Great Movies which was written by Eric Williams. The writer Eric Williams is a professor in the School of Media Arts & Studies at Ohio University, where he teaches courses on screenwriting, film, and virtual reality production. He is also the director of the MFA in Communication Media Arts program at Ohio University. He has also written, produced, and directed for companies such as Workshop Productions, Liam Films, American Movie Classics, Fox Interactive, and Universal Studios. Thus the experience of making films and teaching let the writer become an expert in the field of movie producing. Through reading the text written by such an expert, readers can learn many different knowledge about how to view and appreciate great movies. This is why the text deserves people to translate and understand.
From the perspective of text typology, this article is an informative art text. The scientific and rigorous writing style with many vivid examples makes the text a good choice for reading. “Besides, some people think that terminology translation is not important. In fact, terminology is extremely important in the translation of technical documents. The concept and form of the ideal term should be unitary” (Fu & Wang, 2014, p.48). After the translation, more people can get the chance to learn about movies. Except that, through reading the text, it is found that there are many complex clauses in the text, which makes it difficult to comprehend the text. These complex attributive clauses are different to handle in translation. To deal with the difficulties of translating complex attributive clauses in the source text, complex translation strategies are adopted, including pre-position and syntactic linearity, antecedent repetition and pre-position, pre-position and restructuring.
2 Process Description
2.1 Preparation before Translation
There are three stages in the preparation before translation. The whole process started on 1st September and finished on 15th October, 2020.
Firstly, before the translation, the translator has checked the text online in case there already had a translation text. After confirming the originality of the task, the translator has searched the introduction about the author and the writing background of this text. This stage started on 1st September and finished on 3rd September.
Secondly, the translator has read some other informative text about movies like the Movie History of China to know more about the field of movie producing. This stage started on 3rd September and finished on 5th September.
Finally, the translator has read the text roughly. Through the process of reading, the translator has figured out the text feature and highlighted translation difficulties in the text. The translator has found that there are many complex attributive clauses with complex structures in this text, which made the translation difficult. As a result, choosing an efficient translation theory becomes necessary. This stage started on 5th September, and finished on 10th September.
3 Case Analysis
3.1 Newmark’s Communicative Translation Theory
In order to translate the source text well, translation practice must be accomplished under the guidance of a theory. In this report, Newmark’s communicative translation theory serves as the guidance for the translation practice of complex attributive clauses in this art text.
3.1.1 Introduction to Communicative Translation Theory
Peter Newmark (1916-2011) was one of the representative figures in translation field of the English-speaking countries in the twentieth century. Peter New, famous English translation educator and theorist. “In 1981, he has pointed out “semantic translation” and “communicative translation” principles in his influential book Approaches to Translation” (Fang & Wang, 2007, p57). Newmark (1981) has pointed out that “communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original text” (p. 39). In other words, communicative translation theory pays most attention to the same effect which is created by the source language and reproducing the effect in the target language. That is to say, the target language and culture features must be carefully considered during the process of the translation.
3.2 Difficulties of Translating Complex Attributive Clauses in the Source Text
“A complex sentence is like a simple sentence in that it consists of only one main clause, but unlike a simple sentence it has one or more subordinate clauses functioning as an element of the sentence” (Randolph Quirk, 1985, p.987).
Just like the definition of a complex sentence, compared with ordinary attributive clauses, complex attributive clauses have more special structures. The definition of a complex attributive clause is an attributive clause which also contains another subordinate attributive clause or some other kinds of subordinate clause like adverbial clauses or apposition clauses in one attributive clause.
There are many already existed methods for translators to adopt in the translation process of ordinary attributive clauses, while the strategy of translating complex attributive clauses is hard for translators to find. Differences between ordinary attributive clauses and complex attributive clauses have caused difficulties in the translation process of the text. So it is of great practical significance and reference value to find the strategy of translating complex attributive clauses.
Firstly, compared with the ordinary attributive clause, the complex attributive clause have a more complex structure. There always have two or more than two clauses in one complex attributive clause, which makes the translation of the whole sentence difficult. Under the guidance of communicative translation theory, the main difficulty of translating complex attributive clauses in the source text is how to divide the whole complex sentence into several parts and how to deal with the relationship between different clauses to ensure the readability.
4 Conclusion
4.1 Findings
Based on text analysis and the translation process, it’s found that Communicative Translation Theory is effective in illustrating and guiding the E-C translation of complex attributive clauses. With this theoretical support, three corresponding compound methods are adopted to resolve the translation difficulties of complex attributive clauses.
Firstly, the strategy of pre-position and syntactic linearity is mainly applied in some complex attributive clauses with simple structure but strong restrictions on antecedents. Because of the strong restrictions on antecedents, the strategy of syntactic linearity can be widely used in the translation of complex attributive clauses with simple structures. To deal with complex attributive clauses with relatively simple structures, the strategy of pre-position and syntactic linearity can be used. Except that, to assure the readability of the translation sentences, strategy of pre-position can also be used to adjust the structure of translation text.
Secondly, the strategy of antecedent repetition and pre-position is the most common strategy in translating complex attributive clauses in this text. It is frequently used in translating long attributive clauses, especially in unrestrictive attributive clauses. Under the guidance of Newmark’s communicative theory, “communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original text”. To ensure target readers acceptance, the translator needs to explain what the attributive clause wants to convey clearly. Thus, when it comes to unrestrictive clauses, the compound strategy of antecedent repetition and pre-position is commonly used.
Finally, the translator needs to pay attention to reproduce the communicative effect experienced by the original reader in the clear target language. Because of the close relationship between restrictive attributive clauses and subject sentences, the strategy pre-position and restructuring is often used to translate restrictive attributive clauses with complex structures.
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