Chapter I Description of Translation Task
1.1 Background of the Report
With the development of science and technology and the gradual deepening of global economic integration, English for science and technology (EST) has become more and more important. It is an important independent English style. The translation of it can realize the foreign exchange of technology and the introduction of the latest technology in China. It plays a major role in both natural science and social science.
In recent years, people pay more attention to the communicative function of scientific and technological texts. Translators need to translate scientific texts of different themes and different fields. They must consider communicative functions and purposes to select appropriate translation strategies.
English is the most popular language in international scientific and technological exchanges. The topic facing China’s scientific and technological community and the translation community is to use the original Chinese to translate the latest scientific literature and introduce foreign technology. However, due to the lack of relevant professional knowledge of translators and the low level of English for researchers, the translation of these scientific and technical documents is still facing enormous challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and improve the quality of translation of scientific and technical texts.
Waste to Wealth is a work on environmental science published by German Springer-Verlag. While science and technology are developing, human beings are also facing more and more environmental problems. The monograph introduces a variety of advanced environmentally and sustainable waste treatment methods and their value-added methods. The issues involved in translation include the frontier technology of waste disposal with high level of professionalism and large amount of information.
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1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Report
This monograph is written for biotechnology experts working in the field of waste conversion. It is hoped that the translation of this book can arouse the interest of professionals, who will learn foreign advanced environmental science and technology, actively seek advanced environmentally sustainable waste treatment methods and value-added methods, promote better and more accurate understanding of environmental pollution problems, help improve our county’s environmental problems, and use waste to seek welfare for our people.
This practice chooses the environmental science text as the translation material, and tries to use the appropriate translation theory and translation strategy in order to provide some reference for the translation of EST while attracting the attention of environmental professionals.
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Chapter II Translation Theory Guidance
2.1 Nord’s Model of Text Analysis
As the founder of the functionalist, Reiss proposed text type theory has a profound impact on translation. She divides the text into three text types based on the main communicative function of the text, namely informative texts, expressive texts and operative texts. Different texts have different functions and features. Informative texts are focused on the contents, expressive texts are focused on the form, and operative texts are focused on appealing.
This translation project is about environmental science and technology, which belongs to “informative texts”. The core of informative texts is to convey authenticity, that is to convey information and to reflect objective facts. Informative text mainly represent facts, information, knowledge and opinions, whose linguistic features are more logical. At the same time, informative texts are often related to the background knowledge of the source language. Sometimes professional vocabulary is used, which has higher requirements on the translator’s ability to understand and express, and increases the difficulty of translation. Therefore, in the translation, the translator should translate the original text in a concise language, and convey the true and accurate information to the target reader in a way that is easy for the target reader to accept.
German functionalist representative, Christiane Nord is the representative of the second generation of the German functionalist. She proposed the “text analysis model for translation” to provide a model template for analyzing source texts. This template does not only conform to all text types, but also applies to all translation processes. The main theoretical basis of Nord’s text analysis model is text linguistics and Reiss’s text type theory. In Nord’s view, discourse is a communicative activity that can be achieved through verbal and nonverbal factors.
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2.2 The Guidance of Text Analysis Model to Scientific and Technological Text
Nord’s text analysis model and related translation strategies help to solve some of the problems encountered in translation. In order to accurately grasp the purpose of translation and the purpose of communication, a detailed text analysis of the source text is required. Nord’s text analysis model aims to analyze the relevant factors in the text and provide a basis for translation strategies. This model helps translators understand the unique functions of the source text and select translation strategies that are appropriate for the purpose of the translation.
First of all, based on the fact that the readers of the target text are biological experts or environmental engineering professionals, the author bases translation on the source text for the purpose of accurately transmitting the content of the scientific and technological text to the target language reader to make it aware of the latest cutting-edge technologies. Therefore, the author adopts translation techniques such as literal translation, free translation, transplant translation and conversion to ensure the smooth translation.
Secondly, in order to ensure the coherence of the translation and take into account the culture and context of the target language, the author chooses the method of syntactic dismantling recombination, adding connectives and repeating words, and adjusts the sentence structure accordingly. It is easy to understand the target text in accordance with the target language readers’ expression habits.
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Chapter III Translation Process Description........................... 9
3.1 Pre-translation Analysis .................................... 9
3.1.1 Pre-translation Text Analysis ........................... 9
3.1.2 Source Text Feature Analysis ............................... 10
Chapter IV Translation Case Analysis ............................... 15
4.1 Lexical Level ..................................................... 15
4.1.1 Translation of Technical Terms .......................... 15
4.1.2 Translation of Common Vocabulary ............................ 18
Chapter V Summary ........................................ 27
5.1 Summary and Inspiration ................................. 27
5.2 Problems and Deficiencies ........................... 28#p#分页标题#e#
Chapter IV Translation Case Analysis
4.1 Lexical Level
In the analysis of the source text, the text sender and the target text audience have important influence on the translation generation and the choice of translation strategy. Translation words are the creative ideas and concepts of translation (HERRMANN B, 2017), but there are differences between Chinese and English languages in terms of structure and usage. Translator need to adopt certain translation strategies to make up for the differences.
4.1.1 Translation of Technical Terms
There are many technical terms in this text. The target text audience is a relevant practitioner with certain background knowledge in the field of environmental science. In order to meet the expectations of the target text readers, the translator should use the terminology in this field accurately and strictly, and try best to restore the professional degree of the source text so as to make the translation conform to the idiomatic expression in this field.
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Chapter V Summary
5.1 Summary and Inspiration
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